Research Progress of Leaf-wax Hydrogen Isotope Paleoaltimetry

Leaf waxes/lipids which are derived from terrestrial higher plants are ubiquitous in fluvial, lake, and marine sediments. N-alkanes are an important component of leaf waxes. Modern leaf wax n-alkanes from terrestrial higher plants are characterized with long chains with 27 to 33 carbon atoms (nC₂₇-nC₃₁) and high carbon preference index (CPI) values (>5). The hydrogen isotopes in n-alkanes are determined by meteoric water compositions, which makes them a potential proxy in paleoaltimetry studies. The lapse rates at which n-alkane hydrogen isotopes in modern soils change with altitude vary in different areas, implying that local calibration has to be conducted. The enrichment due to evapotranspiration and difference in fractionation during biosynthesis also influence n-alkane hydrogen isotopes values. When using long-chain n-alkanes to reconstruct paleoaltitude, many factors such as paleoclimate, paleolatitude and paleobotany should be considered.     

Provenance of Triassic sandstones on the southwest Barents Shelf and the implication for sediment dispersal patterns in northwest Pangaea

Thick Triassic siliciclastic units form major reservoir targets for hydrocarbon exploration on the Barents Shelf; however, poor reservoir quality, possibly associated with variation in provenance, remains a key risk factor in the area. In this study, sandstone dispersal patterns on the southwest Barents Shelf are investigated through petrographic and heavy mineral analysis, garnet and rutile geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology. The results show that until the Early Norian Maximum Flooding Surface, two contrasting sand types were present: (i) a Caledonian Sand Type, characterised by a high compositional maturity, a heavy mineral assemblage dominated by garnet and low chrome-spinel:zircon (CZi) values, predominantly metapelitic rutiles and mostly Proterozoic and Archaean detrital zircon ages, interpreted to be sourced from the Caledonides, and (ii) a Uralian Sand Type, characterised by a low compositional maturity, high CZi values, predominantly metamafic rutiles and Carboniferous zircon ages, sourced from the Uralian Orogeny. In addition, disparity in detrital zircon ages of the Uralian Sand Type with contiguous strata on the northern Barents Shelf reveals the presence of a Northern Uraloid Sand Type, interpreted to have been sourced from Taimyr and Severnaya Zemlya. As such, a coincidental system is inferred which delivered sand to the Northern Barents Shelf in the late Carnian/early Norian. Following the Early Norian Maximum Flooding Surface, a significant provenance change occurs. In response to Late Triassic/Early Jurassic hinterland rejuvenation, supply from the Uralian Orogen ceased and the northern Scandinavian (Caledonian) source became dominant, extending northwards out on to the southwest Barents Shelf. The data reveal a link between reservoir quality and sand type and illustrate how provenance played an important role in the development of clastic reservoirs within the Triassic of the Barents Shelf.     

中国沿海部分地区半褶织纹螺的毒性及毒素组成分析

为确定中国沿海不同地区织纹螺中的毒素成分,本研究在江苏省、浙江省和福建省设立了多个采样点,对采集的半褶织纹螺样品进行了毒性测试和毒素组成分析。研究结果显示,采集的织纹螺样品毒性范围为2—664MU(mouse unit)/g湿重,其中,采自江苏省连云港地区的织纹螺样品毒性远高于其它地区。应用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS)方法对样品中的毒素成分进行分析,在各地的织纹螺样品中均检测到了河豚毒素(TTX)及trideoxy TTX、4-epi TTX和anhydro TTX等衍生物,但各种毒素成分所占的比例存在差异。自江苏省连云港市和浙江省舟山市采集的织纹螺样品中,Trideoxy TTX是主要的毒素成分,TTX和其它两种毒素成分次之;而自江苏省盐城市、浙江省宁波市及福建省宁德市和莆田市采集的织纹螺样品中,TTX的含量最高。采集自江苏省连云港和浙江省舟山市的大部分织纹螺样品中,肌肉组织的毒素含量最高,其次是消化腺组织,其余组织中的毒素含量最低。高毒性成分TTX的最高值主要出现在肌肉组织或消化腺组织中。从实验结果可以看出,各地的有毒织纹螺中毒素成分基本一致,而各种毒素成分所占的比例有一定的差异,织纹螺的毒性与高毒性成分TTX的含量有关。     

海洋浮游纤毛虫摄食研究综述

海洋浮游纤毛虫是海洋微食物环的重要组成部分,同时也是连接海洋微食物环和经典食物链的重要环节。研究海洋浮游纤毛虫的摄食情况对了解海洋浮游纤毛虫在海洋浮游生态系统物质循环和能量流动中的作用有重要意义。主要研究内容包括纤毛虫的食性、纤毛虫对不同饵料的摄食强度(摄食率、清滤率)和选择性、影响摄食的因素及摄食后的同化和排遗。海洋浮游纤毛虫食性的研究方法主要有两种,分别为体内饵料颗粒法和维持生长法。实验室内估算纤毛虫摄食率和清滤率主要有两种方法,分别为饵料浓度差减法和体内饵料颗粒增多法。可以用特定体积清滤率和特定生物量摄食率来比较不同种纤毛虫的清滤率和摄食率。已有研究结果表明,纤毛虫的饵料包括较小的纤毛虫、硅藻、甲藻、鞭毛虫、聚球藻、原绿球藻和细菌等。纤毛虫的摄食率范围为0.1—920 cells/(ciliate h),清滤率范围为0—110μL/(ciliate h)。纤毛虫对饵料的粒径和化学性质均有选择性。饵料浓度、温度、光线、扰动以及纤毛虫所处的生长阶段都会对纤毛虫的摄食率产生影响。不同种类纤毛虫对不同种类饵料的同化率(67%—79%)和消化时间(13.7 min—24 h)不同。     

白令海北部悬浮体含量分布及其颗粒组分特征

对中国第四次北极科学考察期间在白令海北部获取的海水样品进行悬浮体含量及其颗粒组分特征的分析。结果表明,白令海陆架海区悬浮体含量大体呈现出表层浓度低而底层浓度高的特点。表层海水悬浮体含量在白令海峡西侧和陆架东侧靠近阿拉斯加沿岸含量较高,而底层海水中悬浮体含量则在白令海峡西侧,以及白令海陆架西南部的圣马修岛西北侧较高。陆架流系对底床物质的再悬浮作用致使白令海悬浮颗粒物浓度的高值区多位于近底层海水中。受白令陆坡流沿陆架坡折带输运作用,研究区西南部悬浮体浓度较高。白令海陆架水以及阿纳德尔流携带悬浮颗粒向北输运,使得底层悬浮体浓度呈现出自南向北逐渐减弱的模式。圣劳仑斯岛以北靠近楚科奇半岛一侧海域,受高营养盐的阿纳德尔流的影响,悬浮颗粒物以藻类为主;东侧阿拉斯加沿岸流区悬浮颗粒则以陆源的碎屑矿物为主。     

“海参-对虾”混养海水池塘的食物网结构及营养层级研究

The food sources of aquacultured Apostichopus japonicus and the trophic levels of organisms in a sea cucumber(A. japonicus) and prawn(Penaeus japonica) polyculture system in a saltwater pond in Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province were examined using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Across organisms, δ13C ranged from(–25.47±0.20)‰ to(–16.48±0.17)‰(mean±SD), and δ15N ranged from(4.23±0.49)‰ to(12.44±0.09)‰. The δ13C and δ15N contents of A. japonicus, P. japonica and Fenneropenaeus chinensis were comparatively higher than those of other organisms. Values of δ13C and δ15N revealed that P. japonica, Hemigrapsus sanguineus and Neomysis japonica comprised the largest component of the diet of A. japonicus. The mean trophic level of the organisms in this saltwater pond polyculture system was(2.75±0.08). P. japonica, A. japonicus, F. chinensis,Synechogobius hasta and Neomysis japonica were in the 3rd trophic level(2–3); jellyfish, H. sanguineus and zooplankton were in the 2nd trophic level(1–2); and Enteromorpha prolifera, benthic microalgae, periphyton and suspended matter primarily consisting of phytoplankton, bacteria and humus were in the primary trophic level(0–1).     

中国黄渤海沉积物声速与物理性质研究

In order to investigate the correlation between a sound velocity and sediment bulk properties and explore the influence of frequency dependence of the sound velocity on the prediction of the sediment properties by the sound velocity,a compressional wave velocity is measured at frequencies of 25–250 k Hz on marine sediment samples collected from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in laboratory,together with the geotechnical parameters of sediments.The results indicate that the sound velocity ranges from 1.232 to 1.721 km/s for the collected sediment samples with a significant dispersion within the series measuring frequency.Poorly sorted sediments are highly dispersive nearly with a positive linear relationship.The porosity shows a better negative logarithmic correlation with the sound velocity compared with other geotechnical parameters.Generally,the sound velocity increases with the increasing of the average particle size,sand content,wet and dry bulk densities,and decreasing of the clay content,and water content.An important point should be demonstrated that the higher correlation can be obtained when the measuring frequency is low within the frequency ranges from 25 to 250 k Hz since the inhomogeneity of sediment properties has a more remarkably influence on the laboratory sound velocity measurement at the high frequency.     

西天山博罗霍洛地区晚泥盆世岩体地球化学、U-Pb年代及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征及地质意义

西天山博罗霍洛地区位于伊犁地块和准噶尔板块之间的造山带内,自西向东圈定尼勒克河、艾木斯呆依、当本第二个达坂等3个泥盆纪岩体,是由角闪石黑云母花岗闪长岩、角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩构成复式岩体。岩体具有暗色矿物多,较低的SiO_2、相对高的Al_2O_3和碱总量,属准铝质-弱过铝质的钙碱性系列岩石。主量元素和微量元素总体特征一致,富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb、K、Th),相对亏损高场强元素(Zr、Y、Yb),稀土配分曲线且与陆壳区花岗岩相似,暗示形成岩体的岩浆是地壳部分熔融形成。2个岩体的锶同位素初始值ISr和εNd(t)分别为0.7062~0.7091和-3.00~-1.24,tDM2介于1220~1363Ma之间,暗示岩浆源区可能来源于元古代复杂的基底的部分熔融。铅同位素特征显示壳幔混源的特点。对艾木斯呆依和当本第二达坂两岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果表明,两岩体的形成年龄分别为368.2±2.2Ma和367.3±2.2Ma,指示其形成于晚泥盆世。结合区域地质背景,推测岩体的形成与古亚洲洋盆在晚志留世-晚泥盆世闭合造山过程有关,可能为碰撞造山阶段晚期增厚地壳熔融的产物。     

京北云蒙山地区四合堂韧性逆冲型剪切带的变形特征及早期变形时限约束

云蒙山杂岩是华北克拉通内记载了晚中生代构造演化的重要构造单元之一。云蒙山地区区域构造格架主要由四合堂背斜推覆体、四合堂逆冲型韧性剪切带、云蒙山背形、河防口正断层及水峪伸展型韧性剪切带等组成。对于四合堂逆冲型剪切带的活动时限及其与水峪剪切带之间的关系,是长期争论的课题之一。在四合堂韧性剪切带中广泛发育有剪切演化各个阶段就位的花岗质岩脉。本文研究云蒙山四合堂地区剪切变形特征及广泛发育的岩脉与构造变形之间关系,将岩脉厘定为构造期前(剪切前)岩脉、同构造期(同剪切)岩脉和构造期后(剪切后)岩脉等6期。不同类型的同构造岩脉锆石U-Pb定年获得了岩脉结晶年龄为170~150Ma。从构造-岩浆关系分析角度考虑,本文认为四合堂剪切带韧性逆冲作用早期的活动始于约170Ma,并持续到约150Ma。     

华北克拉通东北部新太古代晚期地壳生长:来自板石沟表壳岩年代学和Hf同位素的证据

对板石沟表壳岩中的斜长角闪岩和角闪片岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学以及Hf同位素分析,以探讨华北克拉通东北部新太古代晚期的构造环境和地壳演化。板石沟表壳岩主要岩石类型包括斜长角闪岩、斜长片麻岩、角闪片岩和磁铁石英岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示斜长角闪岩(BA-1)岩浆锆石形成于2548±11Ma,绿帘角闪片岩(BA-6)岩浆锆石形成于2548±23Ma,代表了表壳岩的形成时代,在绿帘角闪片岩中识别出3颗年龄为2754±80Ma~2710±92Ma的捕获锆石,表明板石沟地区可能存在新太古代早期岩浆事件。斜长角闪岩和角闪片岩的原岩为玄武质火山岩,微量元素特征指示其形成于岛弧环境。Hf同位素分析结果显示斜长角闪岩εHf(t)为正值(0.29~8.89),单阶段模式年龄(tDM1)分布在2877~2469Ma之间,绿帘角闪片岩多具正的εHf(t)值(-0.78~8.03),tDM1介于2871~2544Ma,表明岩浆主要来源于亏损地幔,伴随少量古老地壳物质的再造,部分tDM1与207Pb/206Pb年龄相近,并同时具有高εHf(t)值的锆石反映板石沟地区新太古代晚期(2550Ma)发生过地壳增生事件。结合其他地区表壳岩研究成果,认为华北克拉通可能存在新太古代吉-辽-冀弧陆碰撞造山带,板石沟地区属于该造山带的一部分。